1.The term used by Soviet art critics to denote fantasies/designs which certainly influenced the development of architecture. PA derives its traditions from 18th century designs originating in Italy and France, and from avant-garde projects produced in Soviet Russia in the 1920-1930s. (The latter were officially denounced in their time and day because they were seen as detached from reality, practice and ideology, therefore, being unable to promote the building of socialism.)                 

2.PA is a genre of visionary architecture practiced by an informal association of young architects, most of whom graduated from the Moscow Architectural Institute in the 1980s. The association comprises more than 10 groups and 50 architects. PA is a modification of conceptualism in architecture, intended mainly for specialized journals, exhibits and competitions of concepts. It is also a product of non-conformist reflection, in the process of which the language systems and images of diverse architectural styles are used to create intricate compositions which, as their authors claim, are Utopian in nature. PA projects do wield constructive ideas which can benefit environment planning and architecture. PA is characterized by the synthesis of expressive means employed by visual art, architecture, literature and theater. PA is on accomplished artistic phenomenon in Soviet culture of the 1980s, PA designs won more than 50 awards at international competitions, mainly in Japan. PA Exhibitions were held at: Paris (La Villette), Milan (Triennale di Milano, XVII), London (Architectural Association), Frankfurt (DAM), Antwerp (De Singel), Cologne (Gallery Linssen), Berlin (AEDES Gallery), Brussels (Architecture Foundation), Zurich (Architectural Forum), Ljubljana (SKUC Gallery), Cambridge (MIT), Austin (Huntington Gallery), New Orleans (Modem Art Center), etc.